BACKSCATTERING FROM ELECTRICALLY LARGE TARGET ABOVE NONLINEAR SEA SURFACE

Measuring Rainfall from above and below the Sea Surface

Satellites play a major role in the determination of the rainfall at sea. Researchers at Southampton Oceanography Centre (SOC) have been involved in two projects addressing this task. First they have been instrumental in developing techniques to retrieve rain rate information from the 10+ years of dual-frequency altimeter data. The TOPEX radar measures rainfall via the attenuation it causes, pr...

Scattering from a Target above Rough Sea Surface with Breaking Water Wave by an Iterative Analytic-Numerical Method

Two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetic scattering from a target above the sea with breaking water wave is studied by a multiregional iterative analytical-numerical method that combines the boundary integral method (BIM) and the Kirchhoff approximation (KA). Based on the “PiersonMoskowitz” (PM) sea surface and the LONGTANK breaking wave, a theoretical model of a target above the rough sea surface ...

Modeling of Microwave Backscattering from a Rough Sea Surface with Steep Waves

Traditionally, Kuand C-band radars are used in ocean scatterometry to retrieve an ocean wind vector. Examples are QuikSCAT and ASCAT satellites. Recently, attempts have been made to use X-band SAR aboard the German TerraSAR-X satellite for the same purpose [1]. Usually, wind retrieval is performed using empirical Geophysical Model Functions (GMF). In the past, a set of GMFs have been designed b...

A Non-coherent Model for Microwave Emissions and Backscattering from the Sea Surface

Simulation of High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) above Sea Surface

High-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) radiated from both primary and secondary currents, which are induced by a nuclear explosion, is computed by using the Jefimenko’s equation. The effects of geomagnetic field is considered in computing the primary current, and the rough sea surface is considered in computing the reflected electric field in the frequency domain. The waveforms of HEMP near...